Restraint device for a tire

ABSTRACT

A restraint device for securing approximately cylindrical objects to an apertured surface is presented. The restraint device generally includes a base, a support, an abutment and an activation system. The restraint device may further include a lateral restraint and a cover. The base, along with the activation system, secures the restraint device to an apertured surface. The abutment, which is placed adjacent the outer edge of the object, acts as a barrier to the object, thus reducing or preventing movement of the object in the direction of the restraint device. The abutment and the support may be moved relative to the base by the activation system. To engage and disengage the restraint device from an apertured surface and the generally cylindrical object, the activation system may include a rotational device such as a lever.

BACKGROUND

There are many situations in which the curved side of a cylindrical object needs to be secured to a surface. For example, barrels, such as those holding wine, may be kept on their sides. In another example, large rolls of paper and metal may be stored on their sides for easier access by automated machinery. The issue of how to secure cylindrical objects on their sides, particularly very large objects, can be quite complex. If the object is to be secured to a moving object, the issue becomes even more complex.

For example, vehicles, such as cars, vans, trucks and other wheeled modes of transport are often secured to a surface by limiting the motion of their wheels. One method of limiting the motion of the wheels is by the use of a restraint device such as a chock. Chocks have been used to secure vehicle tires in many situations, such as in garages, parking lots and on transport carriers. Such transport carriers include, for example, trains and trucks.

To transport carriers, the vehicles are often loaded onto a surface, such as a floor of the transport carrier. The surfaces of some transport carriers include holes or apertures to facilitate the attachment of restraint devices. In the case of double-deck railcars, such as those used in North America to transport carriers, the decks are covered with a grating to maximize the number of apertures. To secure the vehicles to transport carriers, in some cases, chocks are secured to the apertures provided. For example, in some cases, restraint devices such as chocks, are secured to the deck grating adjacent the tires of the vehicles. The chocks are secured to the grating as close as practical. Some chocks are generally placed either fore or aft of the wheels of one of the vehicle's axles and some are placed in an opposite location relative to the wheels of another axle. Thus, longitudinal motion of the vehicle is reduced or eliminated. In order to laterally secure the vehicles when subjected to transverse displacement forces, the chocks secured to the grating include lateral restraints. The lateral restraints include arms with a paddle-shaped end, which project over the inboard side of the tires. However, when the vehicle is subjected lateral forces, the inboard side of the tire often incurs visible scuffing and/or other damage due to repeated contact with the lateral support.

However, in the case of automobiles, the shape is evolving such that the clearance between the wheels and the adjacent body structures is decreasing. These evolutions include decreasing the space between the wheel well opening and the tire circumference, lowering the underside of the body so that it is increasingly nearer to the ground and moving the suspension components ever closer to the wheels on the inboard side. Accordingly, when the vehicle is subjected to an impact force, the tires compress against the face of the chocks As a result, the wheels and surrounding body move towards the chocks to the extent that the tire is compressed. When subjected to greater impact forces, the adjacent body parts may collide with the chocks, potentially damaging the vehicle and/or the chock.

Also, the evolution in the vehicle shape adjacent to the wheels results in less and less room for chocks, making it increasingly difficult to insert and apply them. In some cases, the chock will interfere with the automobile's wheel well. These conditions make it increasingly difficult to insert and apply the chocks.

SUMMARY

A restraint device for securing approximately cylindrical objects to an apertured surface is presented. The restraint device generally includes a base, a support, an abutment and an activation system. The restraint device may further include a lateral restraint and a cover. The base, along with the activation system, secures the restraint device to an apertured surface. The abutment, which is placed adjacent the outer edge of the object, acts as a barrier to the object, thus reducing or preventing movement of the object in the direction of the restraint device. The abutment and the support may be moved relative to the base by the activation system. To engage and disengage the restraint device from an apertured surface and the generally cylindrical object, the activation system may include a rotational device such as a lever.

The restraint device may be used to secure a vehicle, such as an automobile, to the grating of a transport carrier. To secure the vehicle, pairs of restraint devices may be placed on opposing sides of all the vehicle's tires. Other arrangements, such as placing a single restraint device in each of the four positions adjacent each rear wheel and each front wheel on the side of the wheels facing outwardly, may be also be used.

In one example, the abutment of the restraint device is in a hinged relationship with the support and can rotate in relation to it. When the abutment is in an upright position, the front of the abutment is positioned to engage the tire. When the abutment is rotated forward and down, the rear side of the abutment is positioned to engage the tire. These configurations can be used to provide restraint for wheels and vehicles of varying sizes while still fitting within the safe zone of the vehicle.

In addition, the restraint device may include a lateral restraint that, when the restraint device is engaged, projects on the outboard side of the tire. However, the lateral restraint engages the tire only at approximately the intersection of the tire tread and the tire wall. Thus, damage to the outboard side of the tire is reduced or eliminated.

The base of the restraint device includes sets of protusions that engage the retention device with the grating. The base and support form pockets in which the activation system is located. The activation system may include an operating shaft, a latch system, a lifter system, a longitudinal movement system, one or more release wheels. It may also include a kick plate, a rotational device, a second lifter system, and/or a second latch system.

To place the restraint device in engagement with the grating and the tire, the restraint device is placed under the vehicle as close to the tire as possible and so that at least some of the front angled protrusions of the base engage the grating. The back end of the restraint device is lowered onto the grate so that the rear protrusions of the base protrude through the grating. To engage the abutment with the tire and the restraint device with the grating, the rotation device, in the form of a lever, is rotated into a position approximately horizontal with the grating and facing toward the front of the restraint device. This causes the operating shaft to turn and the latching system to engage one or more hooks with the grating, the longitudinal movement system to push the support and thus the abutment into engagement with the tire.

To disengage the abutment from the tire and the restraint device from the grating, the lever is rotated to a position approximately horizontal to the grating and facing away from the rear of the restraint device. This rotates the operating shaft in the opposite direction. This causes the hooks of the linking mechanism to disengage from the grating, the lifter system to lift the support and the longitudinal movement system along with a rearward bias spring to move the abutment away from the tire.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention can be better understood with reference to the following drawings and description. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a front-left isometric view of a restraint device with an abutment in an upright position;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the restraint device of FIG. 1, used in conjunction with a left-hand restraint device and a tire of a vehicle;

FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the restraint device of FIG. 1 used in conjunction with another restraint device and the tire of a vehicle as shown in FIG. 2 before and during an impact;

FIG. 4 is a front-left isometric view of the restraint device of FIG.1 with the abutment in a downward position;

FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of the restraint device of FIG. 4, used in conjunction with the tire of the vehicle;

FIG. 5A is a partially segmented section view of a first positional relationship between a tire and the abutment and lateral restraint of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5B is a partially segmented section view of a second positional relationship between a tire and the abutment and lateral restraint of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5C is a partially segmented section view of a third positional relationship between a tire and the abutment and lateral restraint of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5D is a partially segmented section view of a fourth positional relationship between a tire and the abutment and lateral restraint of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a bottom rear-right isometric view of a restraint device connected with a grating;

FIG. 7 is a top rear isometric view of the restraint device of FIG. 1 with a cover removed;

FIG. 8 is a top rear-right isometric view of a base and activation system of the restraint device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a bottom rear isometric view of the support, cover and abutment of the restraint device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the base and latch system of the restraint device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 is a partial isometric cross-sectional view of a longitudinal movement system of the restraint device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a lifter system of the restraint device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 13 is an isometric view of a pawl of the lifter system of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is an isometric view of a cam of the lifter system of FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 is an isometric view of a spring of the lifter system of FIG. 12;

FIG. 16 is a side view of the spring of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a release wheel of FIG. 1 in a first position;

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the release wheel of FIG. 17 in a second position;

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the release wheel of FIG. 17 in a third position;

FIG. 20 is a right cross-sectional view of the restraint device of FIG. 1 in an initial position showing a apertured surface latch system;

FIG. 21 is a right cross-sectional view of the restraint device of FIG. 1 in an initial position showing a longitudinal movement system;

FIG. 22 is a right cross-sectional view of the restraint device of FIG. 1 in an engaging position showing the lifter system;

FIG. 23 is a right cross-sectional view of the restraint device of FIG. 1 in an engaging position showing the longitudinal movement system;

FIG. 24 is a right cross-sectional view of the restraint device of FIG. 1 in an engaged position showing the longitudinal movement system;

FIG. 25 is a right cross-sectional view of the restraint device of FIG. 1 in a first disengaging position showing the lifter system;

FIG. 26 is a right cross-sectional view of the restraint device of FIG. 1 in a second disengaging position showing the longitudinal movement system;

FIG. 27 is a right cross-sectional view of the restraint device of FIG. 1 in a third disengaging position showing the apertured surface latch system;

FIG. 28 is a right cross-sectional view of the restraint device of FIG. 1 in a third disengaging position showing the longitudinal movement system;

FIG. 29 is a left side plan of the restraint device of FIG. 1 in a rear disengaged position;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a restraint device 100 for a tire

The restraint device 100 includes a base 110, a support 120, an abutment 130 and an activation system 150. The restraint device 100 may further include a lateral restraint 160 and a cover 140. The base 110, along with the activation system 150, secures the restraint device 100 to an apertured surface. The abutment 130, which is placed adjacent the outer edge of the tire, acts as a barrier to the tire, thus reducing or preventing movement of the tire in the direction of the restraint device 100. The abutment 130 and the support may be moved relative to the base 110 by the activation system 150. The abutment 130 is in a hinged relationship with the support 120 and can rotate forward about rod 170. To engage and disengage the restraint device 100 from an apertured surface and the tire , the activation system 150 may include a lever 750. Throughout this disclosure, including the claims, the conventions that follow will be observed. The front of a restraint device is the side on which the abutment is located, the rear is the opposing side and the left and right sides are determined from a view facing the rear of the restraint device. Further, restraint devices on which the lateral restraint is located on the right side are referred to as a “right-hand” device. Conversely, restraint devices on which the lateral restraint is located on the left side are referred to as “left-hand” devices. Accordingly, the restraint device 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a left-hand device. However, as is shown in FIG. 2, a restraint device 200 may be a right-hand device.

As shown in FIG. 2, the restraint device 100 may be used, for example, to secure a vehicle 270, such as an automobile, to the grating 280 of a transport carrier by preventing or reducing the rotational movement or sliding of the vehicle's wheels 274. However, the restraint device 100 is not limited to such an application and may be used to secure other approximately cylindrical objects to other types of apertured surfaces. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the left- handed restraint device 100 and a right-hand restraint device 200 are placed on opposite sides of the tread surface 278 of the tire 272. The right-hand restraint device 200 is a mirror image of the left-hand restraint device 100, but otherwise identical to it. To secure the vehicle, pairs of restraint devices may be placed on opposing sides of all the vehicle's tires as shown in FIG. 2. Alternately, a single restraint device may be placed in each of the four positions adjacent each rear wheel and each front wheel on the side of the wheels facing outwardly. In another alternative, a single restraint device may be located inboard of all four wheels. Other arrangements of restraint devices may be used.

To place the restraint device 100 in engagement with the grating 280, the lever 750 may start in a position approximately perpendicular to the grating 280, such as is shown in FIG. 1. The restraint device 100 is then placed under the vehicle 270 at an angled position (as shown in FIG. 29) that allows it to be positioned as close to the tire 272 as is possible and so that at least some of the front angled protrusions 114 engage the grating 280. The back end 180 of the restraint device 100 is lowered onto the grate 280 so that the rear protrusions 116 protrude through the grating 280. To engage the abutment 130 with the tire 272 and the restraint device 100 with the grating 280, the lever 750 is rotated into a position approximately horizontal with the grating 280 and facing toward the front 190 of the restraint device 100, such as is shown in FIG. 2. To disengage the abutment 130 from the tire 272 and the restraint device 100 from the grating 280, the lever 750 is rotated to a position approximately horizontal to the grating 280 and facing away from the rear 180 of the restraint device 100, such as is shown in FIG. 29. In addition, the lever 750 may be placed in the approximately horizontal forward-facing position when storing the restraint device 100. Other embodiments of the restraint device 100 may be configured so that the lever 750 or other rotational device starts in and/or moves to positions other than those described above in order to engage and/or disengage the restraint device 100.

To reduce or eliminate the damage that may be inflicted on the vehicle 270 by the restraint device 200, the right-hand restraint device 200 fits within a space referred to as the “safe space” 276. The safe space 276 is the area in which the right-hand restraint device 200 should be located so as not interfere with the fender 290 of the vehicle 270. The safe space 276 is generally defined by a horizontal line 292 under the fender 290 and a vertical line 294 projecting downwardly from the widest point of the tire 278 and ending where it intersects the horizontal line 292. In some cases, the height of horizontal line 292 may be quite low. For example, many participants of the automobile logistics industry have agreed to a standard of approximately 4.5 inches for the horizontal line 292.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the restraint device 100 is secured to the grating 280 and positioned by its activation system 150 so that the front face 132 of its abutment 130 is adjacent to the tread surface 278 of the tire 272. To enable more effective contact with the tire 272, the front face 132 of the abutment is at an angle relative to the grating 280. For example, this angle may be about 60 degrees. In order to arrest some of the largest commonly used tires, such as those used on larger vehicles, the height of the abutment 130 may need to be at least approximately eight (8) inches and still fit within the safe space 276.

Referring to FIG. 3, because the abutments 130 and 230 and the supports 120 and 220 of the restraint devices 100 and 200, respectively, are in a hinged relationship with each other, damage to the vehicle 270 caused by the restraint devices 100 and 200 during an impact may be reduced or eliminated. In FIG. 3, the solid lines show the tire 272, wheel 274, fender 290 and restraint devices 100 and 200 when undisturbed (just as shown in FIG. 2). In contrast, the dotted lines show these elements at some time during or after which an inertial force F is or has been applied to the vehicle 270. Such a force F may result from something colliding with the transport carrier on which the vehicle 270 is secured. When the force F is experienced by the vehicle 270, the wheel 274′, and tire 272′ and fender 290′ are all shifted in the direction of the force F. Movement of the tire 272′, and thus the wheel 274′, is impeded by the restraint device 100. However, the fender 290′ may move sufficiently to engage the rear face 234 of the abutment 230 of the restraint device 200. Because the abutment 230′ is in a hinged relationship with the support 220, it can rotate away from the fender 290′. Thus, any engagement of the fender 290′ with the abutment 230′ does not result in any significant damage to the fender 290′. When the vehicle 270 stops, the pressure exerted on the tire 272 by the abutment 130 of restraint device 100 causes the tire 272 to move towards the rear of the vehicle 270, which returns the abutment 230 of the restraint device 200 to its original, upright position. Due to the forces applied by the restraint device 100 and 200, the tire 272 eventually returns to approximately the same location from which it started.

The abutment 130 of the restraint device 100 may be rotated around rod 170, such that the abutment is upward or downward of the support 120. As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, such a rotation to the downward position results in the rear face 134 of the abutment 130 facing toward the tire. The rotation of the abutment 130 also results in the movement of the lateral restraint 160. As shown in FIG. 1, when the abutment 130 is in an upright position, the arm 162 of the lateral restraint 160 is angled upward. When the abutment 130 is rotated into the position shown in FIG. 4, the distal end 164 of the arm 162 also rotates downward. In addition, the proximal end 172 slides along the T-shaped protrusion 118 towards the rear of the restraint device 100.

The rotation of the abutment 130 and the movement of the lateral restraint 160 enables the restraint device 100 to be secured to the grating 280 with the rear face 134 facing the tread surface 578 of the tire 572. This implementation of the restraint device 100 may be used to secure vehicles 570 with smaller tires 572 to the grating 280. Due to the reduced size of the tire 572, the safe space 576 of the vehicle 570 is smaller that that of the vehicle 270 shown in FIG. 2. In some cases, the height of the same space 576 defined by horizontal line 592 may be at most approximately 4.5 inches. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the lowered position of the abutment 130 and the lateral restraint 160 reduces the overall height of the restraint device 100, thus enabling the restraint device 100 to fit within the safe space 576.

The lateral restraint 160 may also be positioned to minimize damage to the tire 272. The lateral restraint 160 generally includes an arm 162 and a paddle shaped member 164. The distal end 174 of the arm 162 is attached to the abutment 130 in a hinged manner by a rod 168. The proximate end 172 of the arm 160 is slidably attached to a T-shaped protrusion 118 (shown more clearly in FIG. 8) that extends from the side 112 of the base 110. As shown in FIGS. 5A-5D, the lateral restraint 160 of the restraint device 100 extends along the outboard side 273 of the tire 272. The lateral restraint 160 comes in contact with the tire 272. However, this contact occurs at approximately the intersection of the tire tread and the tire wall. Thus, the lateral restraint 160 may cause minimum or even no damage to the tire 272.

As shown in FIG. 5A, when the device is first attached to the grating, the tire 272 is positioned so as not be in contact with the abutment front face 132 or the lateral restraint 160. The tire 272 is not under compression and therefore has a bulge 201. In FIG. 5B, the abutment front face 132 is brought into contact with the tire 272 but does not exert a strong force on the tire 272. In this position, the lateral restraint 160 is in close proximity to and may contact the tire 272. In FIG. 5C, a force is applied to the tire 272 by the abutment front face 132 that is strong enough to reduce or eliminate the bulge 201. The lateral restraint 160 is in contact with the tire 272. In FIG. 5D, the same force is applied to the tire 272 as was in FIG. 5C. However, in addition, when the vehicle is subject to lateral shifting, the tire 272 shifts laterally towards the lateral restraint 160. In this position, the tire 272 does come into contact with the angled forward facing side 207 of the paddle 164 of the lateral restraint 160.

However, with regard to the tire 272, this contact is confined to approximately the contact area 281.

FIG. 6 illustrates the manner in which the restraint device 100 may be secured to the grating 280. As shown in FIG. 6, the grating 280 includes longitudinal wires or rods 602 upon which lateral wires or rods 604 are secured. Adjacent longitudinal wires 602 along with adjacent lateral wires 604 define apertures 608 therebetween. The restraint device 100 is secured to the grating 280 by a set of angled front protrusions 114 and a set of rear protrusions 116. The base includes one or more spaces 620 through which a portion 710 of the activation system 150 protrudes. This portion 710 includes one or more hooks 712 that also engage the lateral wires 602 of the grating 280.

Both sets of protrusions 114 and 116 in the base 110 are separated from each other so that at least some of the protrusions 114 and 116 engage the lateral wires 604 of the grating 280. For example, the restraint device 100 may be configured to engage a grating 280 for which the space between the lateral rods 604 is 1.5 inches. By including multiple front angled protrusions 114 along at least a longitudinal side of the restraint device 100 and separating them by 0.75 inch, at least one of the front angled protrusions 114 will engage one of the lateral wires 604 of the grating 280. Thus, the restraint device 100 is adjustable by 0.75 inch. A similar spacing may be applied to the rear protrusions 116.

The activation system 150, its relationship with the base 110, the support 120 and the cover 140 are shown in FIG. 7-9, with FIG. 8 showing a different orientation of the activation system 170 than that of FIG. 7. The activation system 150 includes an operating shaft 702, a latch system 710, a lifter system 720, a longitudinal movement system 730, one or more release wheels 711, 713, 715 and 717, a kick plate 840 and a lever 750. The activation system 150 may also include a second lifter system 732 and a second latch system 731. The lever 750 rotates the operating shaft 702 to operate the activation system 150. As shown throughout, the rotational device is a lever 750. However, the rotational device it may include a knob, crank or other such device. Further, although the restraint device 100 is shown as including multiple release wheels 711, 713, 715 and 717 and a kick plate 840, various combinations and/or numbers of these elements may also be used.

At least portions of the latch systems 710 and 731, lifter systems 720 and 732, release wheels 711, 713, 715 and 717, longitudinal movement system 730 and kick plate 840 are in rotational engagement with the operating shaft 702, attached thereto by, for example, by ribs 704 in the operating shaft 702 that mate with corresponding slots in the respective engaging elements. The latch system 710 and release wheels 711 and 713 fit within the pocket 761 defined in the base 110. Similarly, the latch system 731 and release wheels 715 and 717 fit within pocket 766. The longitudinal movement system 730 fits within pocket 764. The lifter systems 720 and 732 fit within pockets 960 and 962, respectively, which are primarily defined in the support 120. All these systems, except the kick plate 840, are covered by the cover 140.

The base 110 and the support 120 are connected together by a rod 770. The base includes a series of apertures 810 in partitions 820 that help define the pockets 761, 960, 764, 962 and 766. The support 120 includes a series of slots 910 in the partitions 920 that provide further definition of the pockets 761, 960, 764, 962 and 766. When the support 120 is placed on top of the base 110, the walls 920 of the support 120 align with the walls 820 of the base 110 so that the apertures 810 in the base 120 are in approximately horizontal alignment with the slots 910 in the support 120. The rod 770 is inserted through the apertures 810 in the base 110 and the slots 910 in the support 120. The rod 770 is secured within the apertures 810 of the base 110, but are not secured to the slots 910 in the support 120 so that the support 120 may move longitudinally with respect to the base 110. The base 110 and the support 120 are further connected to each other by one or more sets of teeth 802 and 902. The teeth 802 in the base 110 are rearwardly facing and may be located in pockets 761, 764 and 766. These teeth 802 mate with corresponding forwardly facing teeth 902 in the support 120. This arrangement of teeth 802 and 902 permit forward motion of the support 120 with respect to the base 110.

A more detailed view of the latch system 710 is shown in FIG. 10. The latch system 710 includes a latching mechanism 1002 and a latching cam 1008. The latching mechanism 1002 includes an irregularly shaped orifice 1020, a crown ball 1004 and two or more hooks 712. The latching cam 1008 surrounds the operating shaft 702 and is connected therewith by one or more slots 1010 that mate with the ribs 704 of the operating shaft 702. The latching mechanism 1002 is movably attached to the cover 140 via lugs 1030 and 1032 so that it is movably suspended about the latching cam 1008 by seating surfaces 1042 and 1052. Due to the interaction of the latching cam 1008 with the irregularly shaped orifice 1020, the latching mechanism 1002 will rotate about the crown ball 1004 so that the hooks 712 move towards the front (not shown) or the rear 180 of the restraint device 100 depending on the direction of rotation of the operating shaft 702. As shown in FIG. 10, if the operating shaft 702 is rotated clockwise, the latching mechanism 1002 will rotate towards the front of the restraint device 100 and at least one of the hooks 712 will engage at least one of the lateral wires 604 of the grating 280. In contrast, if the operating shaft 702 is rotated counter-clockwise, the latching mechanism 1002 will rotate towards the rear 180 of the restraint device 100 and the hooks 712 will disengage and/or move away from the lateral wires 604 of the grating 280.

A detailed sectional view of the longitudinal movement system 730 is shown in FIG. 11. The longitudinal movement system 730 moves the support 120 horizontally with respect to the base 110 to bring the abutment 130 into engagement with the tire 272. The longitudinal movement system 730, shown in cross section, generally includes a jaw spring 1102, a push rod 1160, a crank 1104, and a rotator stud 1108.

The rotator stud 1108 surrounds the operating shaft 702 and is connected therewith by one or more slots 1180 that mate with the ribs tabs 704 of the operating shaft 702. The crank 1104 includes a pair of protrusions 1110 and 1112 that define a slot 1190 therebetween. The rotator stud 1108 includes a rotational tab 1120 that is movable within the slot 1190. The crank 1104 is connected to the jaw spring 1102 via push rod 1160. The push rod 1160 is connected at its first end 1162 to the narrow end 1154 of the crank 1104 by a rod or pin 1132. The push rod 1160 is connected at its second end 1164 to an opening 1134 in the jaw spring 1102. The opening 1134 may be defined by walls 1136 and 1138. As shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the jaw spring 1102 is confined to longitudinal movement in the pocket 764 by walls 950 in the support 120.

Referring to FIG. 11, as the operating shaft 702 is rotated clockwise, the rotational tab 1120 pushes on the protrusion 1112, thus causing the crank 1104 and the first end 1162 of the push rod 1160 to rotate. Because, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the jaw spring 1102 is confined to longitudinal movement, the push rod 1160 moves the jaw spring 1102 away from the crank 1104. In contrast, when the operating shaft 702 is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, the crank 1104 will not rotate until and the rotational tab 1120 traverses the slot 1190 and engages the protrusion 1110. Once the rotational tab 1120 is engaged to the protrusion 1110, the crank 1104 and the push rod 1160 will rotate in a counter-clockwise direction. Thus, the jaw spring 1102 will move towards the crank 1104. In order to accommodate the movement of the second end 1164 of the push rod 1160, the walls 1136 and 1138 of the jaw spring 1102 may be angled.

The jaw spring 1102 includes a pair of lips 1140 (see FIG. 8) that, when engaged with the lateral walls 940 of the support 120 (see FIG. 9), the support is pulled forward to engage the abutment 130 with the tire 272. When the lever 750 is in the rear position, the jaw spring 1102 is positioned within the pocket 764 of the base 110 so that the lips 1140 engage lateral walls 940. In contrast, as the lever 750 is moved into the forward position, the jaw spring 1102 is urged forward moving the support 120, and thus the abutment 130, forward due to the force of the lips 1140 on the lateral walls 940. As if pressure continues to be placed on the lever 750 after the abutment 130 has engaged the tire 272, the continuing force will compress the lips 1140 inward forcing them between walls 950, thereby releasing the force thrusting the abutment 130 into the tire 272. Thus, even when the restraint device 100 is initially placed very close to the tire 272, the remainder of the activation system 150 completes the engagement cycle even after the abutment 130 has engaged the tire 272.

Referring to FIG. 10, the longitudinal movement system 730 may further include a rearward bias member 1060. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the rearward bias member 1060 may include a compression spring seated on the support 120 and the cover 140. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the first end 1061 of the rearward bias member 1060 is attached to a wall 121 in the support 120 and the second end 1063 is seated on to the bottom surface 141 of the cover 140. The rearward bias member 1060 is generally seated at an angle such that the second end 1063 is positioned forward and upward of the first end 1061. Thus, when the lifter system 720 is lifting the support 120 during disengagement, the rearward bias member 1060 applies pressure to the support 120, pushing it towards the rear 180 of the restraint device 100. In addition, when the support 120 is not lifted and the teeth 902 of the support 120 are engaged with the teeth 802 of the base 110, the downward pressure on the support 120 from the rearward bias member 1060 reinforces the engagement. In addition to that shown in FIG. 10, the rearward bias member 1060 may be attached to the cover 140 and the support 120 at various other locations. In an alternative embodiment, the rearward bias member 1060 may be seated on the support 120 and the base 110, such that the bias member 1060 is angled so that its second end 1063 is seated on the support 120 in front of and upward from the first end 1061, which is seated on the base 110.

A more detailed cross-sectional view of the lifter system 720 is shown in FIGS. 12- 16. Because the support 120 is engaged to the base 110 by rearwardly facing teeth 802, the support 120 must be lifted above the teeth 802 in the base 110 so that the support 120 and thus the abutment 130 can be disengaged from the tire 272. The lifter system 720 generally includes a pawl 1202, a spring 1260 and a cam 1240. The cam 1240 includes one or more protrusions 1402 and is engaged with the operating shaft 702, for example via slots 1242 that mate with corresponding ribs 704 on the operating shaft 702. The pawl 1202 is located in pocket 960 (see FIG. 9) between walls 982 and 984. The top surface 1322 of the pawl is adjacent the lower surface 980 of the pocket 960. In addition to the top surface 1322, the pawl 1202 includes one or more indentations 1302, a longitudinal movement edge 1306, a transition edge 1324 and a hook 1320. As shown in FIG. 15, the spring 1260 includes a top portion 1502, two sides 1504, 1506 and two upward bends 1508, 1510, respectively. In its free shape the spring 1260′ is configured as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 16. As shown in FIG. 12, the top portion 1502 of the spring 1260 is connected to the pawl 1202 by the hook 1320. The bends 1508 and 1510 of the spring 1260 are secured within a spring seat 1450 in the base 110 of the restraint device 100.

The pawl 1202 is configured to raise the support 120 when the restraint device 100 is being disengaged from the grating 280. In other words, the top surface 1322 of the pawl engages and lifts the upper surface 980 of the support 120 when the lever 750 is moving into the rear position. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 25, as the lever 750 is being moved into the rear position, it turns the operating shaft 720, and thus the cam 1241 and the protrusions 1402 in a counter-clockwise direction. The protrusions 1402 lift the cam 1202 until the protrusions 1402 are rotated just past the transition edge 1324 of the pawl 1202. At this point, the pawl 1202 drops so that the protrusions 1402 extend into the indentations 1302.

In contrast, if the restraint device 100 is to be engaged with the grating 280 and the tire 272, the cam will initially be oriented so that the protrusions 1402 are located to the left of the longitudinal movement wall 1306 of the pawl 1202. As the lever 750 is being moved into the forward position to engage the restraint device 100, it turns the operating shaft 702, and thus the cam 1240 and the protrusions 1402 in a clockwise direction. The protrusions 1402 engage the longitudinal movement wall 1306 of the pawl 1202 and push it forward. As the pawl 1202 is pushed forward, the spring 1260 is extended. When the protrusion 1402 rotates and bypasses the transition edge 1324, releasing its contact with the pawl, the pawl is pulled back into its original position (as shown in FIG. 12) by the spring 1260.

The release wheel 711 is shown in various stages of operation in FIGS. 17-19. The description that follows is equally applicable to the other release wheels 713, 715 and 717. The release wheel 711 includes a circular cam 1750 attached to shaft 702, with an outer ring 1702. The cam 1750 and ring 1702 are offset from the centerline 701 of the operating shaft 702. The cam 1750 is attached to the operating shaft 702 so that it rotates with the operating shaft 702. The outer surface 1710 of the cam 1750 is smooth, allowing it to rotate within the ring 1702, which has a smooth inner surface, about the operating shaft 702 as the operating shaft 702 is rotated by the lever (not shown). As the operating shaft 702 , rotates counterclockwise when the lever 750 is moved from an approximately horizontal position facing the front 190 of the restraint device 100 to an approximately vertical position (as shown in FIG. 26), the ring 1702 and cam 1750 rotate in a counter-clockwise direction with the operating shaft 702 to the position shown in FIG. 18. In FIG. 18, the ring 1702 of the cam 1750 is in contact with the grating 280. When the operating shaft 702 direction of the lever L is further rotated counterclockwise when the operator moves the lever 750 to an approximately horizontal position facing the rear 180 of the restraint device 100 (as shown in FIG. 29), the surface of the ring 1702 frictionally engages the grating 280 and ceases or reduces its rotation. The cam 1750 continues to rotate with the operating lever 703, forcing the shaft 702 upward and away from the grating 280, thus lifting the bottom of the rear end 180A of the restraint device away from grating 280, the position shown in FIG. 19.

As shown in FIG. 17, when the restraint device 100 is positioned so that the lever 750 is horizontal with respect to the grating 280 and pointing towards the front 190 of the restraint device 100, the distal point 1711 of the release wheel 711 is above and in vertical alignment with the center of the operating shaft 702. The center of the operating shaft is still located a distance above the grating 280. The bottom of the rear end 180A rests on the grating 280, with protrusions 116 extending below the grating.

In FIG. 18, when the restraint device is positioned so that the lever points upward, the distal point 1711 of the release wheel is in horizontal alignment with the center of the operating shaft 702, and the ring 1102 is now in contact with the grating 280. The bottom of the rear end 180A still rests on the grating 280, with protrusions 116 extending below the grating.

As shown in FIG. 19, when the restraint device 100 is positioned so that the lever 750 is horizontal with respect to the grating 280 and pointing towards the rear 180 of the restraint device 100, the distal point 1711 of the release wheel 711 is below and in vertical alignment with the center of the operating shaft 702. However, because the distance from the center of operating shaft 702 to distal point 1711 is greater than the distance from the center of operating shaft 702 to the bottom of the rear end 180A, the release wheel 711 has lifted the operating shaft 702 and thus, the bottom of the rear end 180A of the restraint device 100 to a distance above the grating 280, as indicated by the dotted line.

FIGS. 20-29 show the restraint device 100 and its various elements in various positions during the operation of the restraint device 100. Throughout FIGS. 20- , the front surface 132 of the abutment 130 faces the tire 272 and the paddle 164 of the lateral restraint 160 is on the outboard side of the tire 272 in a raised position.

FIGS. 20 and 21 show the position of the restraint device 100 after it has been placed on the grating 280 (the “initial position”). FIGS. 22 and 23 show one position of the restraint device 100 and its elements during engagement of the restraint device 100 (an “engaging position”) having moved there from the positions shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. FIG. 24 shows the position of the restraint device 100 and its elements when the restraint device 100 is engaged to the tire 272 and the grating 280 (the “engaged position”) having moved there from the positions shown in FIGS. 22 and 23. FIG. 25 shows one position of the restraint device 100 and its elements during disengagement of the restraint device 100 (a “first disengaging position”) having moved there from the positions shown in FIG. 24. FIG. 26 shows another position of the restraint device 100 and its elements during disengagement of the restraint device 100 (a “second disengaging position”) having moved there from the positions shown in FIG. 25. FIGS. 27 and 28 show yet another position of the restraint device 100 and its elements during disengagement of the restraint device 100 (a “third disengaging position”) having moved there from the positions shown in FIG. 26.

FIG. 29 show the position of the restraint device 100 and its elements when the restraint device 100 is disengaged from the tire 272 and the grating 280 (the “rear disengaged position”) having moved there from the positions shown in FIGS. 27 and 28 . As shown in FIG. 29, in this position, the kick plate has rotated so that one of its projections 841 or 843, in this instance 843, has engaged a lateral wire of the grating 280 to shift the device away from the tire. Two projections 841 and 843 are necessary to ensure that a lateral wire is engaged, because the clamping teeth and studs are placed at a pitch that is half the pitch of the lateral wires of the grating.

While various embodiments have been described, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A restraint device for securing a tire to an apertured surface, the device comprising: a base; a support slidably attached to the base and capable of sliding on the base parallel to the apertured surface; an abutment attached to the support and capable of sliding with the support parallel to the apertured surface; and an activation system coupled with the base and the support and actuated by an operator, the activation system configured to slide the support and abutment into engagement with the tire by sliding the support toward the tire after the base is set on the apertured surface.
 2. A restraint device for securing a tire to an apertured surface, the device comprising: a base; a support movably attached to the base; an abutment attached to the support; and an activation system coupled with the base and the support, the activation system configured to allow an operator to simultaneously secure the device with the apertured surface and to move the abutment into engagement with the tire by moving the support toward the tire after the base is set on the apertured surface.
 3. A restraint device according to claim 2, wherein the activation system may further be configured to allow the operator to disengage the abutment from the tire and unsecure the device from the apertured surface.
 4. A restraint device according to claim 3, wherein the activation system comprises an operating shaft that may be rotated in a forward stroke to move the abutment into engagement with the tire and to secure the device to the apertured surface, and the operating shaft may be rotated in a reverse stroke to move the restraint device out of engagement with the tire and to unsecure the device from the apertured surface.
 5. A restraint device according to claim 4, wherein the activation system further comprises a lever that rotates the operating shaft in the forward stroke or the reverse stroke.
 6. A restraint device according to claim 1, wherein the device is configured to fit within a space defined by a circumference of the tire, the apertured surface, a horizontal line below the bottom of a fender of a vehicle comprising the tire and a line tangent to the tire circumference and perpendicular to the apertured surface.
 7. A restraint device according to claim 1, wherein the abutment is pivotably attached to the support such that the abutment is capable of pivoting toward the tire from an original position when the abutment is subject to contact from a vehicle moving toward the device to avoid damage to the vehicle.
 8. A restraint device according to claim 1, further comprising a rod mounted on the base, and a support bore having an elongated cross-section in the support, wherein the rod is inserted into the support bore to connect the base and support, and the support may move toward and away from the tire with respect to the base.
 9. A restraint device for securing a tire to an apertured surface, the device comprising: a base; a support movably attached to the base; an abutment attached to the support; an activation system coupled with the base and the support, the activation system configured to allow an operator to move the abutment into engagement with the tire by moving the support toward the tire after the base is set on the apertured surface; and, a lateral restraint, wherein the lateral restraint comprises an arm attached to the support and a restraining paddle that engages the tire, wherein the paddle is disposed at an angle from the arm such that the paddle engages the tire only at approximately an intersection of a tread and sidewall.
 10. A restraint device according to claim 9, wherein the lateral restraint may be disposed at an intersection of the tread and a sidewall facing an exterior of a vehicle comprising the tire without damaging the sidewall.
 11. A restraint device according to claim 9, wherein the abutment and the lateral restraint are connected so that the abutment and the lateral restraint may be adjusted together to accommodate different sized tires.
 12. A restraint device according to claim 4, wherein the activation system comprises a system for longitudinally moving the support and abutment toward the tire with respect to the base in the course of the forward stroke.
 13. A restraint device according to claim 12, wherein the system for longitudinally moving the support comprises: a push rod connected to the operating shaft such that the push rod moves toward the tire when the operating shaft is rotated in the forward stroke; a jaw spring having two lips connected to the push rod, wherein the lips are capable of being compressed together; a pocket formed in the support and two engaging walls on either side of the pocket; wherein when the operating shaft is rotated in the forward stroke, the jaw spring pushes the two engaging walls of the support, thereby moving the support with respect to the base and into engagement with the tire; and wherein when the support is fully engaged with the tire, the lips of the jaw spring compress together so that the jaw spring enters the pocket, thereby allowing the operating shaft to complete the forward stroke without further moving the support.
 14. A restraint device according to claim 4, wherein the activation system comprises one or more release wheels that push the restraint device away from the apertured surface in the course of the reverse stroke.
 15. A restraint device according to claim 14, wherein the one or more release wheels comprise a circular cam disposed around the operating shaft, wherein the circular cam rotates with the operating shaft; a ring disposed around the cam and slidably connected to the cam, wherein the ring frictionally engages the apertured surface in the course of the reverse stroke, the cam rotates freely while the ring is engaged with the surface, and wherein the cam and ring are of a sufficient diameter and offset from the operating shaft in such a manner that the ring and cam lift the shaft away from the apertured surface during the reverse stroke.
 16. A restraint device according to claim 4, further comprising interlocking teeth on the base and support, wherein the interlocking teeth are configured to prevent the support from moving against the base away from the tire, and wherein the activation system comprises one or more lifting mechanisms that lift the support away from the base in the course of the reverse stroke.
 17. A restraint device according to claim 16, wherein each lifting mechanism comprises: a pawl having a top surface in contact with a bottom surface of the support, and an indentation having a longitudinal movement wall; a cam attached to and rotating with the operating shaft, having a protrusion that engages the indentation of the pawl; and a spring that connects the base and the pawl configured to constantly urge the pawl away from the operating shaft; wherein when the cam is rotated in the forward stroke, the protrusion enters the indentation and engages the longitudinal movement wall so as to pull the pawl horizontally until the pawl disengages from the protrusion and snaps back under the urging of the spring, thereby being repositioned for a subsequent forward stroke; and wherein when the cam is rotated in a reverse stroke, the protrusion pushes the pawl upward, thereby lifting the support with respect to the base to separate the interlocking teeth.
 18. A restraint device according to claim 16, further comprising a biasing member that urges the support away from the tire when the one or more lifting mechanisms lift the support away from the base.
 19. A device according to claim 1, said device further comprising: interlocking teeth on the base and support configured to prevent the support from sliding away from the tire, wherein the activation system is configured to compress the tire with the abutment by a short distance, and wherein said teeth are spaced at a pitch approximately equal to or less than the distance the tire is compressed by the abutment.
 20. The device according to claim 19, wherein the interlocking teeth are closely spaced.
 21. A restraint device for securing a tire to an apertured surface, the device comprising: a base; a support movably attached to the base; an abutment attached to the support; and an activation system coupled with the base and the support, the activation system configured to allow an operator to move the abutment into engagement with the tire by moving the support toward the tire after the base is set on the apertured surface, wherein the activation system comprises a mechanism configured to automatically stop forward motion of the support toward the tire when the tire is compressed by the abutment.
 22. A restraint device for securing a tire to an apertured surface, the device comprising: a base; a support movably attached to the base; an abutment attached to the support; and an activation system coupled with the base and the support, the activation system configured to allow an operator to move the abutment into engagement with the tire by moving the support toward the tire after the base is set on the apertured surface; and a lateral restraint, wherein the lateral restraint is disposed at an angle from the abutment such that the restraint engages the tire only at approximately an intersection of a tread and sidewall of the tire.
 23. A restraint device according to claim 22, wherein the lateral restraint may be disposed at an intersection of the tread and an exterior-facing sidewall without damaging the exterior-facing sidewall of the tire.
 24. A restraint device according to claim 22, wherein the abutment and the lateral restraint are connected so that the abutment and the lateral restraint may be adjusted together to accommodate different sized tires. 